1. Introduction
2. What are Winds?
3. Trade Winds
4. Prevailing Westerlies
5. Polar Easterlies
6. Coriolis Effect and Global Wind Patterns
7. Jet Streams
8. Trade Winds and Sailing
9. Prevailing Westerlies and Sailing
10. Polar Easterlies and Sailing
11. Conclusion

What are the 3 Main Winds?

Wind is an essential part of sailing, so it’s important for sailors to understand the different winds that affect the world’s oceans and weather systems. There are three main wind belts – the trade winds, prevailing westerlies and polar easterlies – which all move in alternating directions around the world’s major oceanic circulation cells (Fig 3.10). In this article, we will explore each of these winds and how they affect sailing conditions around the globe.

What are Winds?

Wind is simply air in motion; it is created by differences in atmospheric pressure, which occur when warmer air rises above cool air or when a large area of land heats up faster than a large body of water (such as an ocean). This imbalance in air pressure causes wind to blow from areas of high pressure towards areas of low pressure, creating what we know as wind belts – large regions where winds tend to blow in a particular direction for days or weeks at a time until the pressure imbalances shift again.

Trade Winds

The trade winds are found near the equator and blow from east to west (Fig 3.10). They are created by high-pressure systems near the equator that push air towards lower-pressure systems over the eastern Pacific Ocean and western Atlantic Ocean respectively, creating strong gusts that can reach speeds of up to 35 knots (40 mph). These winds can be very beneficial for sailors who want to travel faster across open waters, but can also make navigation difficult due to their unpredictability and strength.

Prevailing Westerlies

The prevailing westerlies are located between 30°N/S latitudes (Fig 3.10) and blow from west to east across both hemispheres thanks to low pressure systems over the eastern Pacific Ocean and western Atlantic Ocean respectively pushing air towards higher-pressure systems near Europe, Africa, Asia and Australia. These winds tend to be gentler than the trade winds but can still reach speeds of up to 25 knots (29 mph), making them a great source of propulsion for sailboats travelling these routes in both directions – eastbound vessels will benefit from a constant tailwind while westbound vessels will have a helpful headwind at their back!

Polar Easterlies

At 60°N/S latitudes lies another belt: the polar easterlies (Fig 3.10), which blow from east to west across both hemispheres thanks again to high-pressure systems near Europe pushing air towards lower-pressure systems over North America and South America respectively. These winds tend to be much weaker than their tropical counterparts with speeds rarely reaching more than 10 knots (11 mph), but they still provide some useful propulsion for boats travelling between these regions – particularly those looking for some extra speed while sailing around Antarctica!

## Coriolis Effect & Global Wind Patterns
In addition to these three main wind belts, there is also something known as ‘the Coriolis effect’ which affects global wind patterns by causing them to veer off course slightly as they move around Earth’s surface – this happens because Earth rotates on its axis at different speeds depending on how close you are to its poles or equator (Fig 3.10). The result is that all wind belts veer slightly towards the right in Northern Hemisphere or left in Southern Hemisphere – something sailors must take into account when plotting their course across open waters!

## Jet Streams
Finally, there is another type of wind worth mentioning: jet streams – fast-moving ribbon-like bands of wind which originate near Earth’s poles then move towards its equator before looping back again (Fig 3.10). Jet streams can reach speeds of up to 200 knots (230 mph) making them one of nature’s most powerful forces! While they don’t typically affect sailing conditions directly, they can be used as an indicator for changing weather patterns since they often move ahead or behind fronts associated with storms or other significant weather changes – something sailors should be aware of when planning their journeys across open waters!

## Trade Winds & Sailing
The trade winds provide some great opportunities for sailors looking for an extra boost while travelling long distances across open waters thanks to their strength and consistency; however they can also cause navigation issues due to their unpredictability so it pays off for sailors to plan ahead carefully before setting out on such voyages! Some tips include using smaller sails than normal so you don’t get blown off course too much; seeking out sheltered routes such as those along coastlines; avoiding busy shipping lanes; or even using an engine if necessary if your vessel lacks manoeuvrability during stronger gusts!

## Prevailing Westerlies & Sailing
The prevailing westerly winds provide good sailing conditions for vessels travelling between Europe/Africa/Asia/Australia since they offer a consistent headwind or tailwind depending on whether you’re going eastbound or westbound respectively; however some caution must still be taken as these winds can become unpredictable at times due to changes in atmospheric pressure so it pays off again for sailors planning trips along these routes ahead of time! Some tips include using bigger sails than normal so you don’t get blown off course too much; seeking out sheltered routes such as those along coastlines; avoiding busy shipping lanes; or even using an engine if necessary if your vessel lacks manoeuvrability during stronger gusts!

## Polar Easterlies & Sailing
The polar easterly winds provide good sailing conditions for vessels travelling between North America/South America since they offer consistent tailwinds regardless of whether you’re going eastbound or westbound respectively; however some caution must still be taken as these winds can become unpredictable at times due to changes in atmospheric pressure so it pays off yet again for sailors planning trips along these routes ahead of time! Some tips include using smaller sails than normal so you don’t get blown off course too much; seeking out sheltered routes such as those along coastlines; avoiding busy shipping lanes; or even using an engine if necessary if your vessel lacks manoeuvrability during stronger gusts!

## Conclusion
In conclusion, understanding how different global wind belts affect sailing conditions is essential knowledge for any sailor looking